Navigating the Landscape of Diabetic Microvascular Complications: Strategies for Prevention and Management
Author(s): Anastasia V. Poznyak, Elizaveta Romanovna Korchagina, Olesya Olegovna Galanova, Sergey Alekseevich Protasov, Alexander N. Orekhov
Abstract
As the global prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) continues to rise, projected to affect nearly 700 million individuals by 2045, the burden of associated macro-and Micro-Vascular Complications (MVCs) is escalating markedly. This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding the development, risk factors, prognostic implications, and preventive strategies for key diabetic MVCs, including Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and autonomic neuropathy. Evidence underscores a significant link between these complications and cardiovascular risk, revealing that MVCs often predict cardiovascular events with greater accuracy than traditional risk factors such as hypertension and glycemic control. Through a comprehensive exploration of epidemiological findings, clinical trials, and treatment strategies, this review highlights the importance of early detection and rigorous management of diabetic MVCs. Key interventions, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, and effective glycemic control, are discussed as vital measures to mitigate the progression of diabetic complications. Additionally, we emphasize the necessity for routine screening, particularly for high-risk populations, to enable timely intervention and improve patient outcomes. By integrating clinical guidelines with advancements in diabetes care, our findings propose a multifaceted approach to reducing the burden of diabetic microvascular diseases.