Jacob Koala

Department of Orthopedics and Pediatric Orthopedics, University of Neuchatel, Switzerland

Publications

• Commentary   
  
  Author(s): Jacob Koala*
  
  The lower back comprises the lumbar spine, which is formed by vertebral bones, intervertebral discs, nerves, muscles, ligaments, and blood vessels. The spinal cord ends at the top of the lumbar spine, and the remaining nerve roots, called the cauda equina, descend down the remainder of the spinal canal. While the lumbar spine is sturdy and resilient, it is subject to a high degree of stress and loads, which may cause various problems, resulting in pain. This article provides an overview of the lumbar spine including its anatomy and the potential problems that can occur in this region. Support and stabilize the upper body. The 5 lumbar vertebrae are the largest compared to other spinal regions. In conjunction with the muscles and ligaments, these vertebrae help support the weight of the upper body, including the head and neck. The lumbar spine also transfers loads from the upper body t.. Read More»
  

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